Name - Premanshu Dey
Roll no.- 7015011
FYBA_DGMC
Communication
is perhaps one of the most used word in the contemporary culture. It comprises
of multiple things like experiences, actions and events, as well as a whole
variety of happenings and meanings and technologies too. Thus , a conference or
a meetings and technologies too. Thus a conference or a meeting or even a fair
or procession is a ‘communication event’. Newspaper , radio, televisions are
‘communication media’. Phones, pagers and emails are ‘communication
technologies’. And even camera crew and news – readers are ‘communication
professionals’. The English word
‘communication’ is derived from the Latin noun ‘communis’ and the Latin verb
‘communicare’ which means ‘to make common. The closest Indian language
equivalent to the original concept of communication is ‘sadharanikaran’.
Communication, in its simplest sense is a human relationship involving two or
more persons who come together to share, to dialogue and to commune, or just to
be together say at a festival or a time of mourning . Communication is thus not
so much an act or even a process but rather social and cultural ‘togetherness’.
Communication is a fact in the world of human being, animals, and plants, and
is an ever – continuing process going on all the time. It is a necessary to
human and animal existence as life itself. Halt communication and the life
process wither and die. The need for communication is a s basic as the hunger
for food and drink, perhaps even more so. A human being’s need for
communication is a strong and as basic as the need to eat , sleep and love . It
is both an individual demand and a requirement of social existence to use
communication resources in order to engage in the sharing of experiences. The
basic human need for communication can perhaps be traced to the process of
mankind’s evolution from lower species. The Sanskrit term ‘sadharnikaran’ in
Bharat’s Natya Shastra comes closest to the sense of ‘common’ or ‘commonness’
usually associated with communication. Sadharanikaran is a social process which
can be achieved only among sahridayas, people with a capacity to receive
messages. This is an innate ability acquired through culture, adaption or
learning. The focus is not here on the sender but the receiver of the message.
Moreover, communication according to this Sanskrit concept is a relationship
based on a common and mutual understanding and feeling .In recent years
communication scholars in India and Sri Lanka have made attempts to develop
theories of communication based. The concept of sadharanikaran, one of the
fundamental concepts in Indian aesthetics, also has religious implications.
Communication
in India has been a primary necessity, since the formation of the nation. The
earliest possible form of communication in the prehistoric times was the
carving done on the walls of the caves with sharp rocks. These inscriptions
depicted the thought and language of the prehistoric men. Gradually, the
papyrus leaves gave birth to later advanced form of papers that became the
prime mode of communication of thoughts and views in India. Even until the
British rule, the power of communication was spread through writings in
newspapers, pamphlets and so on. India's telecommunication network is the second largest in the world based on the total number of
telephone users (both fixed and mobile phone). It has one of the lowest call tariffs
in the world enabled by the mega telephone networks and hyper-competition among
them.
Indian Communication is one of the major
branch is Journalism. The Mughal rulers in India employed ‘vaquia – navis’ as
public and secret news – writers to record once in week. These news letter were
read to the king every evening by the women of the court. Journalism has come a
long way since then. Today, a journalist is anyone who contributes in some way
to the gathering, selection, and processing of news and current affairs for the
press, radio, film, television, cable and the internet. Journalist work for the
‘broadsheet’ press and the ‘tabloid press’. The terms ‘broadsheet’ and
‘tabloid’ usually describe the two main formats of newspapers, but the labels
also connote two kinds of news stories. However this distinction is blurred, especially
when serious and quality papers like Times Of India and Indian Express chose to
highlight the private lives of public figure and the tabloids to publish
serious investigative stories of corruption in higher place. ”The over-200 –year
history of the Indian press, from the time of Hicky to the present day, is the
present day, is the history of a struggle for freedom, which has not yet ended.
There have been alternating periods of freedom and of restrictions on freedom
amounting to repression. The pioneering works on the Indian press, like that of
Margarita Barns, were stories of reforms and relaxation. The story of the
Indian press is a story of steady expansion but also one of the press laws. The
first newspaper meant for publication was ‘announced’ in 1776 by William Bolts.
He asked those interested to come to his residence to read the news. This
‘newspaper’ had the twin function of informing the British community of news
from ‘home’, and of ventilating grievances against the colonial administration.
But it was not until James Augustus Hicky dared to start his Bengal Gazette in
1780 that the age of Journalism dawned in the country. During the next two
decades The Times Of India , the Pioneer, the Madras Mail and the Amrit Bazar
Patrika came into existence. In 1975, however an internal emergency was clamped
on the nation, and pre-censorship imposed in a draconian manner. The
years preceding of the dawn of cinema in India were witness to the growth of
musical dramas, the Parsi theatre, the drama companies of Madras, and the jatra
in Bengal. So, when the first ‘cinematographic exhibitions’ of the Lumiere
Brothers were held in Bombay on July 7,1896. One of the pioneers of the silent
feature film in India was Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (alias Dadasaheb Phalke), a
Bombay printer, painter and magician. It is reported that he was converted to
cinematography when he saw the film, Life of Christ, at a Christmas cinema
show. The idea of a similar full-length feature on the life of Lord Krishna
took hold of him. It was not until 1954, however that ray could ring up the curtain on his
career as a film maker. His films like The Apu Trilogy formed a new genre of films
called the global Indian cinema.
Broadcasting was introduced in India by amateur radio clubs in Calcutta,
Bombay, Madras and Lahore, though even before the clubs launched their
ventures, several experiments broadcasts were conducted in Bombay and other
cities. The government run broadcasting set up was called the Indian State
Broadcasting Service (ISBS), with Fielden its first Controller Interestingly,
ISBS was set up under the Department of Industries and Labour. Fielden brought
to All India Radio – a name thought up by him
In the
present there are few changes in the model of communication. Now the digital
communication is overcoming the traditional ways of communication. People are
communicating with each other on different social platforms rather than on
phones, or letters. This change is due to the tremendous change in technology.
In the present context of Indian Communication journalism has changed a lot in
its execution and many multiple business ventures have put them in it and thus
the whole Journalism is being polluted by the money game. The journalism has
started to get slipped into the hands of businessmen and corrupt pollutions who
are indirectly monitoring and regulating the whole set of news getting
published. It is sort of undeclared
emergency. The cinema in this present time is the form of mass communication
along with t.v almost everyone in India poor or rich has an access to theatres
and television sets. There is huge decline in radio communication in the urban
areas as everyone has an access to Internet. Everyone has the access to internet which makes the digital
communication very easy and take the communication skill to a new and totally
different dimension. With the coming of the internet there is huge decline in
sending and receiving of the letters. Internet in a way has changed
communication in a way with the coming of social networking sites there is a
whole new means of communication has begun up. Tele-conferencing is the greatest part of present
communication system, that inspires or serves the purpose of the business or
institutional communication specially or in the other forms. Tele- conferencing
can ensure the transmission of different data and can establish required
conversation staying in different places throughout the world. Whatsapp and
many other apps have now overtaken the social media and in future any other new
innovative idea will again overcome the old.
In a way there
is no comparison between past and present, with change in time we evolved, our
minds and way of thinking evolve and so with the communication. Past
communication was a bit slow and expensive and now with new technology things
have become fast and cheap. But at a global level we need to do grow more and
our mass communication should be more pure and there should not be any connection of those communication
medium with the politician and other corrupt peoples. An independent body
should be there to regulate these rules so that we can get more crystal clear
content without any cut or saturation. 